THE NATURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROPAGANDA DISCOURSE AND POLITICAL DISCOURSE

Authors

  • Dr. Nazhat Mahmoud Nafal College of Mass Communication, University of Baghdad

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33282/abaa.v1i4.471

Keywords:

Propaganda discourse, political discourse, communication work, audience.

Abstract

The propaganda discourse is the most widely circulated in the media and communication studies, where the interest of scholars and researchers in this field has become clear in the analysis and interpretation of the content of this discourse, to identify the intentions, purposes and objectives of the communicator activity, which exceeded the borders of states in the heated atmosphere of rivalries and political conflicts that characterize The countries of the world as a whole and for many years.

In particular, the economically and militarily developed countries (the Nordic capitalist countries) have exerted special efforts in the production of information and ideas, using advanced methods and means in all details of communication work, leading to clear successes in changing the behavior and attitudes of public opinion in general and the target audience opinion of the communication work in particular. This is based on a psychological and social study of all that surrounds the public. All of this, in order to bring about the desired change, where the focus on the activity of institutions and communication agencies on propaganda as a key variable in the success of the efforts made through organized campaigns, we can say that the results and impact is stronger than the results of military wars, so-called propaganda wars.

References

-1 ﺴﻭﺭﺓ "ﺹ" ﺍﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ١٩- ٢٠, ٢٢-٢٣.
-2 ﺴﻭﺭﺓ " ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺄ" ﺍﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ٣٦-٣٧.
-3 ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻼﻟﻴﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ, ﻗﻁﺭ , ١٩٨٥ , ﺹ ٦٠١.
-4 ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺭﻱ , ﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﹼﻥ , ﺝ٢٩, ﻁ١, ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ , ﻤﺼﺭ ١٩٥٤, ١١٩.
-5 ﺍﻟﺠﻼﻟﻴﻥ , ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ
-6 ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺸﻘﻲ , ﺝ٢, ﻁ١, ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﻨﺩﻟﺱ, ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ , ﺒﻼﺕ , ﺹ٥٣.
-7 ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ,ﺍﻻﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻀل ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﻓﺭﻴﻘﻲ , ﺝ١, ﻁ١, ﺩﺍﺭ ﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ ,ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ,١٩٥٥,ﺹ٣٦١.
-8 ﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻭﺱ, ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺭﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ , ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻻﻭل ,ﻁ١ , ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ, ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ﻨﻘﻼﹰ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ١٣٠٦ ﻩ,ﺹ٢٣٧-٢٣٨.
-9 ﺍﻨﻅﺭ:
- ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ, ﺒﻁﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎﻨﻲ, ﺒﺎﺏ ﺨﻁﺒﺔ, ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ, ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻁﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ, ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ, ﻨﻘﻼﹰ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ١٨٧٠, ﺹ٥٦.
- ﻤﻌﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ ,ﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎﻨﻲ , ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ, ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ , ١٩٢٧, ﺹ٥٥٩.
- ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺠﺩ ,ﺒﺎﺏ ﺨﻁﺒﺔ, ﻁ٢,ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻕ ,ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ,١٩٨٦,ﺹ١٨٦.
-10 ﻓﺎﻀل ﺜﺎﻤﺭ,ﻤﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ , ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﺩﺒﻴﺔ, ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺅﺅﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ, ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ, ١٩٨٧,ﺹ٢١٤.
,11- tritin caul . dictionary English, French ,Arabic by jerwen al-sabek
masters degree in law barut.1971,p57.
-12 ﺩ. ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ , ﺍﺸﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩﻱ,ﺍﻓﺎﻕ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ, ﻋﺩﺩ٣ﺍﺫﺍﺭ ,١٩٩٣,ﺹ٥٣.
-13 ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﻨﻭﻱ ,ﻜﺸﻑ ﺍﺼﻁﻼﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻭﻥ , ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ, ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ,١٩٧٢,ﺹ١٧٥.
-14 ﺩ.ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ, ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ.
-15 ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ.
-16 ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ
* ﺭﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﺩﻴﻜﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺅﺴﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻫﺘﻡ ﺒـﻭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﻜﻴﺩ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﺸﻬﺭ ﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ١٦٣٧ﻡ
-17 ﻭﻴل ﺩﻴﻭﺭﺍﻨﺕ ,ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻓﻼﻁﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺩﻴﻭﻱ ,ﺘﺭﺠﻤﻪ ﺩ.ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ﻤﺤـﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺸـﻊ, ﻁ٣ ,ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻑ,ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ, ١٩٧٥,ﺹ٦١٧.
-18 ﺩ.ﺤﻤﻴﺩﺓ ﺴﻤﻴﺴﻡ ,ﻤﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﺌﻲ, ﺍﻓﺎﻕ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ,ﺍﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ١٩ ,ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ,١٩٩٤,ﺹ١٦ ﻭﻤﺎﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ
-19 ﻤﻴﺸﻴل ﻓﻭﻜﻭ,ﺤﻔﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ,ﺘﺭﺠﻤﻪ ﺴﺎﻟﻡ ﻴﻔﻭﺕ,ﻁ٢,ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒـﻲ ,ﺒـﻴﺭﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒـﻴﻀﺎﺀ ,١٩٨٧,ﺹ٣٤.
-20 ﻤﻴﺸﻴل ﻓﻭﻜﻭ ,ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺸﻴﺎﺀ,ﺘﺭﺠﻤﻪ ﻤﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺩﻱ ,ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻻﻨﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻤﻲ,ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ,١٩٩٠,ﺹ٢٨٩.
-21 ﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺠﺎﺴﻡ,ﺠﻭﻤﺴﻜﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﻨﺴﺎﻨﺎﹰ , ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ, ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ,ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ٣١,ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ,١٩٩٤,ﺹ٨٧-٨٨.
-22 ﻤﻴﺸﻴل ﻓﻭﻜﻭ,ﺤﻔﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ,ﻤﺼﺩﺭﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ,ﺹ٣١.
-23 ﺘﺯﻓﺘﺎﻥ ﺘﻭﺩﻭﺭﻭﻑ ,ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺩﺒﻲ,ﺘﺭﺠﻤﻪ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻨﻤﻲ,ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ,ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ,١٩٩٣ ,ﺹ٤٨.
-24 ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﻴﻘﻁﻴﻥ ﺘﺤـﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﺌﻲ ,ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ, ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﺍﻥ ٤٨ﻭ٤٩ ,ﺸﺒـﺎﻁ ,ﺒـﻴﺭﻭﺕ ,١٩٨٧ ,ﺹ٣٧.
-25 ﺭﻭﺒﺭﺕ ﺸﻭﻟﺘﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻭﻴل ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻨﻤﻲ,ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ,ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ,١٩٩٤,ﺹ٢٤٥.
26. Hartman&stork ,dictionary of languagean ,languaticis,London applied science publisher,1970,69.
-27 ﻟﻭﻴﺱ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻑ ,ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺠﺩ,ﺒﺎﺏ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺜﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ ,ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ,١٨٦٠,ﺹ٢١٦.
28. almaurid - by munir al-baalabak,dar .el.il.malayen ,1977,p730.
-29 ﺩ. ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻌﺩ ,ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ,ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ,ﺍﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ,١٩٨٩,ﺹ١٢٦.
-30 ﺩ.ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺩﺭ ,ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ,ﻁ١,ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻡ,ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻴﺕ,١٩٧٤ ,ﺹ٥٢.
-31 ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ
-32 ﺩ.ﺸﺎﻫﻴﻨﺎﺯ ﻁﻠﻌﺕ ,ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل, ﻤﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻴﻠﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻀﺭﻴﺔ,ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ,١٩٨٧,ﺹ٤ ﻭﻤﺎﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ
-33 ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ
-34 ﻟﻴﻨﺩﻴﻠﻲ ﻓﺭﻴﺯﺭ,ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ, ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺸﺤـﺎﺘﻪ, ﺴﻠﺴـﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ,ﺭﻗـﻡ١٦,ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺭ ﻟﻠﻁﺒـﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ, ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ, ١٩٦٠,ﺹ١٨.
-35 ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺭﺸﺎﺩ ,ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ,ﻤﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ,ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ,١٩٨٤ ,ﺹ٢٤.
-36 ﺩ.ﺤﺎﻤﺩ ﺭﺒﻴﻊ,ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ, ﻤﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ,١٩٧٠,ﺹ٦٧.
-37 ﺩ.ﺤﺎﻤﺩ ﺭﺒﻴﻊ,ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ,ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺴﻁ ﻟﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ,ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ,١٩٨٨,ﺹ٣٣.
-38 ﺩ.ﺠﻴﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺸﺩﻱ ,ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﻴﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ,ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ,ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ,١٩٨٥,ﺹ١٧.
-39 ﺤﺴـﻨﻲ ﺨﺸﺒـﺔ , ﻤﺩﺨل ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻬﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ , ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻘـﻭﻤﻲ ﻟﺒﺤـﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸـﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ, ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ.١٩٨١,ﺹ٢؟
-40 ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻻﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﺯﺭﺠﻲ,ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ, ﻁ١,ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ. ١٩٨٤,ﺹ٩.
-41 ﺩ.ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭ ﺠﻭﺍﺩ,ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ,ﻁ١,ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ,ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ,١٩٩٥,ﺹ٩.
-42 ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ,ﺹ٩.
43. benjamen .ril semantics &language.analysis books .merriall company,
inc .ne ,1960 ,p26.
-44 ﺩ. ﺸﺎﻫﻴﻨﺎﺯ ﻁﻠﻌﺕ ,ﻡ.ﺱ,ﺹ٦ ﻭﻤﺎﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ
-45 ﺩ.ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﺒﻭ ﺍﺼﺒﻊ,ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ,ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻭﺓ,ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ,١٩٩٥,ﺹ٤١.
-46 ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ,ﺹ ٤٢
-47 ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ,ﺹ٢٤
-48 ﻡ.ﺩﻱ ﻓﻠﻭﺭ .ﺱ .ﺒـﺎل. ﺭﻭﻜﺎﺥ, ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ ,ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻤﺤــﻤﺩ ﻨﺎﺠﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻫﺭ ,ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻤﻭﻙ ,ﺍﻻﺭﺩﻥ,١٩٩٤ ,ﺹ١٦٨.
-49 ﺍﻨﻅﺭ : ﺩ.ﻨﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺴـﺎﻟﻡ ,ﺘﺤــﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ,ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ,ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ٢ ,١٩٨٤,ﺹ٥١.ﻭﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺤــﻤﻴﺩ
ﺠﺎﺴﻡ,ﺠﻭﻤﺴﻜﻲ:ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﻨﺴﺎﻨﺎﹰ ,ﻡ.ﺱ,ﺹ٨٨.
-50 ﺩ. ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﺒﻭ ﺍﺼﺒﻊ ,ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ ,ﻡ.ﺱ, ﺹ١٧٦.
- 51 ﺩ ﺤﻤﻴﺩﺓ ﺴﻤﺴﻡ ,ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﺌﻲ ,ﺹ١٥.
-52 ﺩ.ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ,ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ,ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺭ, ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ٧,ﺘﻤﻭﺯ ,ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ,ﺒـﺎﺭﻴﺱ,١٩٨٥,ﺹ ١٨
35- ﺩ.ﺤﻤﻴﺩﺓ ﺴﻤﻴﺴﻡ, ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ,ﺹ١٨. -54 ﺩ.ﺤﻤﻴﺩﺓ ﺴﻤﻴﺴﻡ,ﻡ.ﺱ
- 55 ﺩ.ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺍﺒﻭ ﻋﺎﻤﻭﺩ,ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ ﻟﻭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ,ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴـﻼﻤﻴﺔ ,ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ٥, ١٩٨٨, ﺹ١٤.
-56 ﻤﻴﺸﻴل ﻓﻭﻜﻭ .ﺤﻔﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ,ﻡ.ﺱ,ﺹ ٢٣٧
-57 ﺩ.ﺤﺎﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ,ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ,ﻁ٥, ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ , ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ,١٩٨٤,ﺹ١٦٣.
-58 ﺩ.ﺤﻤﻴﺩﺓ ﺴﻤﻴﺴﻡ ,ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﺌﻲ,ﻡ.ﺱ,ﺹ٢٠.
-59 ﻤﻴﺸﻴل ﻓﻭﻜﻭ,ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ,ﻡ.ﺱ, ﺹ٣٠.
-60 ﻏﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﻨﺩﺍﻥ , ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ,ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺩ. ﺭﺍﻟﻑ ﺭﺯﻕ ﺍﷲ ,ﻁ١, ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ,١٩٨٣,ﺹ١٠-ﺹ١١.
-61 ﺴﺭﻤﺩ ﺯﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺩﺭ ,ﻡ.ﺱ , ﺹ٣٥.
-62 ﺩ .,ﺤﻤﻴﺩﺓ ﺴﻤﻴﺴﻡ,ﻤﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ, ﻡ.ﺱ , ﺹ٢١.
-63 ﺩ.ﺠﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺩ. ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻠﻲ,ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ,ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ ,ﻗﺴـﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ ,ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺼﻨﻌﺎﺀ, ١٩٩٢,ﺹ٨٣.
-64 ﺩ.ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻤﻭﺩﻱ ,ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ,ﻁ١,ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ,ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻴﺕ,١٩٨٥,ﺹ٥. -65 ﺩ.ﺠﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻠﻲ ,ﻡ.ﺱ ,ﺹ٨٤.
-66 ﺩ.ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ,ﻡ.ﺱ ,ﺹ٢٥.

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2008-03-01

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Mahmoud Nafal, N. . (2008). THE NATURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROPAGANDA DISCOURSE AND POLITICAL DISCOURSE. ALBAHITH ALALAMI, 1(4), 43-64. https://doi.org/10.33282/abaa.v1i4.471

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