https://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/atomALBAHITH ALALAMI2024-01-11T08:40:30+00:00Irada Zaydan Aljuboriiradazaydan@comc.uobaghdad.edu.iqOpen Journal Systems<p>Journal of ALBAHITH ALALAMI (ABAA) is a pioneering scientific, peer review, and refereed scholarly journal that provides an open forum for researchers, academics, and service providers in the fields of media, communication science, and journalism studies. It focuses on the role of new media, communication technologies, and the effect of representing information in various formats according to quality of service and experience. ABAA journal issued by the College of Mass Communication/ University of Baghdad.</p> <p>The first issue was published in 2005. ABAA is a quarterly published journal (March, June, September, and December of the year), and it follows rigorous scientific arbitration procedures. Moreover, all of its content is openly accessible and free of charge.</p> <p>For more information, please don’t hesitate to <a href="https://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/about/contact">contact US</a></p>https://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/1183Iraqi Journalists' representations of their professional identity2024-03-28T22:56:58+00:00Azhar Sabeeh Ghaintab
<p>The research aims to explore the nature of representations of Iraqi journalists' professional identity. It is classified as descriptive research and utilizes the descriptive analytical survey method. A purposive sample of (80) Iraqi journalists was employed, and a questionnaire tool was utilized. Several conclusions were reached, including: Iraqi journalists perform functional roles consistent with the functions of journalism, most notably: providing the public with information, monitoring governmental performance, conveying public opinion to decision-makers, and raising awareness of civil activism effectively. Influences originating within the journalism profession dominate the performance of Iraqi journalists in their professional work more than those exerted from outside. The key elements shaping Iraqi journalists' representations of their professional identity focus on informing the public about hidden issues and providing assistance to them. There were no statistically significant differences in the demographic variables of Iraqi journalists and their representations of their professional identity. There exists a positive correlation between the nature of the functional roles performed by Iraqi journalists and the elements shaping their representations of their professional identity, as well as a positive correlation between the nature of these roles and Iraqi journalists' representations of their professional identity.</p>
2024-03-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Azhar Sabeeh Ghaintabhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/1012News Processing of Corruption Issues in Iraq Satellite Channels2023-12-28T09:12:06+00:00Falah Taher RahemahJaafar Shaheed Hashim
<p style="direction: ltr;">The core idea of this study revolves around the news coverage by Iraqi satellite channels regarding corruption issues and their implications on the public's perception of the political process. The researcher designed a content analysis form encompassing both primary and sub-categories of news bulletins from the channels, Dijlah and Al-Itijah, spanning from 01/06/2021 to 31/08/2021, using a comprehensive enumeration method. The chosen timeframe preceded the parliamentary elections held in October 2021. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach coupled with observation, the researcher derived results that met the study's objectives. Among these findings, news items enhanced with video content topped the categories concerning visual news treatment and reporting. Moreover, news items supplemented with artistic reports ranked highest in the news presentation techniques adopted by the researched channels regarding corruption topics. Political corruption topics led the thematic focus, while administrative and financial corruption ranked second among all themes covered by the channels in their news bulletins. Additionally, the reasons framework stood out as the primary category among all frames discussed by the researched channels.</p>
2023-12-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 ALBAHITH ALALAMIhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/1026Digital Public Relations Strategies in Managing the Crisis of Iraqi Refugees in Turkey2023-12-28T09:12:03+00:00Ramzi Kazem HassanJasim Tarish Aleqabi
<p style="direction: ltr;">The research aims to identify and diagnose the public relations strategies in its digital online communications by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in managing the crisis of Iraqi refugees in Turkey. A content analysis form was designed for the digital content of the UNHCR's website dedicated to topics and issues concerning Iraqi refugees that were covered by the site, adopting a comprehensive enumeration approach. The study covered the period from 01/03/2022, to 30/06/2022. The research yielded several key findings, including the predominant use of media, advertising, and education strategies in managing the crisis of Iraqi refugees in Turkey. News and reports ranked first among the media arts used in public relations. There is evident cooperation between the public relations departments of the UNHCR and the Iraqi embassy in Turkey in managing political crises.</p>
2023-12-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 ALBAHITH ALALAMIhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/1031Effect of Political Factors on the Performance of Specialized Journalists in Iraqi Electronic Journalism2023-12-28T09:11:53+00:00Ahmed Hatem MohammedAbdulsalam Ahmed Al-Sammer
<p style="direction: ltr;">This study aimed to identify the political factors influencing the performance of specialized journalists in Iraqi electronic newspapers. The significance of the study stems from the role of communication in newspapers that have established themselves in reality due to their wide dissemination, multiple uses, expanding freedom base, and the current diversity in perspectives. These newspapers highlight and publish societal issues of concern. The importance of these newspapers is associated with their creators who face various factors affecting their value and performance, whether positively or negatively. In light of this, the political factor was identified as the primary driver for other influencing factors. The researcher employed a survey method to address the study's questions and objectives, targeting specialized journalists working in Iraqi electronic newspapers, amounting to 128 individuals from 27/9/2022 to 27/10/2023. The study took into account personal variables of the participants such as gender, age, and educational attainment. Several findings emerged from the study, including that 75% of males versus 25% of females work as specialized journalists. Moreover, personal inclination was found to be the strongest motivator for journalists, and there are notable impacts of political factors on the communicative competence of the specialized journalist.</p>
2023-12-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 ALBAHITH ALALAMIhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/1034Digital Interactive Elements in The Twitter Platform2023-12-28T09:12:00+00:00Neeran Waleed JabbarWidad Ghazi Dabakh
<p style="direction: ltr;">The primary issue addressed in this research revolves around identifying the interactive elements provided by the Twitter platform and understanding their utilization by digital newspapers with official accounts. These newspapers broadcast content in line with their policies. This study is classified within descriptive research that employed a survey method and content analysis tool. The methodology relies on the "how was it said?" approach to categorize the analysis. The research yielded the following results:<br />Twitter utilized numerous interactive elements for disseminating tweets, which include "text, branching links, hashtags, digital images, digital videos, digital audio, and digital polls." However, these elements were not adopted by the digital newspapers, as they did not utilize digital audio and polls at all.</p>
2023-12-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 ALBAHITH ALALAMIhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/1035Contents of the photo coverage of the Gulf Cup Championship on the pages of photojournalists on Instagram2023-12-28T09:11:57+00:00Haneen Saad SalmanReem Adil Fawzi
<p style="direction: ltr;">This study intends to examine the content of photo coverage related to the Gulf Cup (Gulf 25) as presented by Iraqi photojournalists on Instagram between 02/01/2023 and 27/01/2023. Utilizing content analysis, the two researchers employed the survey method to evaluate 674 digital photos posted by seven photojournalists specializing in this sporting event, which concluded with the Iraqi team's victory in the city of Basra.<br />Key findings from the study include:<br />1. The Category "Photos from the Gulf Cup matches" predominated, accounting for 291 instances or 42.794% of the total.<br />2. Photojournalists exhibited a keen interest in capturing images of attending fans and documenting celebrations surrounding the Gulf Cup.<br />3. Notably, despite the presence of children with cancer and those with special needs at the Gulf Cup, the research observed minimal photographic coverage of this significant societal segment.</p>
2023-12-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 ALBAHITH ALALAMIhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/1050Habits Reflected in American Action Films2023-12-28T09:11:49+00:00Shahad Haider AboodRaad Jasim Al Kaabi
<p style="direction: ltr;">The research aims to identify the predominant habits and behaviors promoted by American action films frequently streamed on Cinemana website—a specialized platform for streaming films and series as the most followed platform. This platform offers a range of film genres, including the latest releases, free of charge. Using a simple random sampling method, twenty action films were selected for the study. Consequently, the researcher opted for a descriptive-analytical approach, deemed most appropriate for achieving the research objectives, employing content analysis as a tool to scrutinize these films. The findings highlighted that behavioral habits associated with scenes of violence, destruction, sabotage, revenge, and threats ranked highest. The results pertaining to behavioral habits like murder scenes and threats also emerged prominently in the analytical study, indicating their negative influence by ingraining such habits and integrating them into an individual's daily behavior.</p>
2023-12-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 ALBAHITH ALALAMIhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/1093Empowering Public Relations’ Practitioners to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals2023-12-28T09:11:45+00:00Khalaf Kareem Kyoosh
<p style="direction: ltr;">The research aims to outline a governmental and societal communicative vision grounded in the principles of sustainable development within Iraqi governmental institutions. This is achieved by public relations practitioners incorporating these concepts and enhancing public awareness of them. Iraqi governmental institutions cannot deviate from the international pattern and societal mood that encompass the goals of sustainable development. The growing international and local interest in environmental issues has influenced governmental stances and actions towards the public.<br />The research's main problem revolves around addressing a pivotal question: What are the levels of empowerment of public relations practitioners in achieving sustainable development goals within governmental institutions?<br /><strong>The primary objective of the research</strong> is to unveil the extent to which public relations practitioners perceive the required levels of sustainable development both domestically and externally and in their professional lives. Public relations and media practitioners are keen on educating about the significance and legitimacy of sustainable development. Their performance and success in fulfilling this role depend on their conviction and their ability to understand and adopt behaviors that align with sustainable development objectives.<br /><strong>The study made several conclusions</strong>, most notably that public relations practitioners are aware of what is expected of an individual at home, externally, and at work. Additionally, the youth demographic is the most informed about sustainable development concepts and principles, making them more positive in their interactions with the requirements and behaviors of these principles, whether at home, in the community, or at work.</p>
2023-12-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 ALBAHITH ALALAMIhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/1191The Self and the Other in the Dogmatic Discourse2023-12-28T09:11:39+00:00Luai K Ghabr
<p style="direction: ltr;">The philosopher and social psychologist <strong>Erich Fromm</strong> (1900-1980), in his book "<strong>Escape from Freedom</strong>" highlighted the distinction between the "I" of the authoritarian personality and the "I" of the destructive personality based on their stance towards "the other." The former (<strong>the authoritarian self</strong>) relies on a submissive, enslaving formula, where the "I" is the master/dominator/controller/strong, while "<strong>the other</strong>" is the servant/submissive/controlled/weak, essential for perpetuating this formula. In contrast, the latter (<strong>the destructive self</strong>) relies on an annihilating, negating formula, where the "I" is existence/killer/destroyer/persistent, while "the other" is non-existence/killed/destroyed/temporary. From these two formulas stem all extremist violent tendencies and practices.</p> <p style="direction: ltr;">In a world teeming with such tendencies and practices, delving into the structures of these formulas becomes a <strong>paramount existential necessity</strong>, especially since these formulas permeate every facet of life: personal, political, social, religious, media, economic, and academic, transforming the world into arenas of bloody conflicts, disfiguring the "I" and annihilating the "other."</p> <p style="direction: ltr;">Researchers have studied the psychological-social dynamics of these formulas. However, there hasn't been a comprehensive approach employing "dogmatism" as discourse to explore the structural essence of these formulas, which this study aims to achieve.</p> <p style="direction: ltr;">In his book "<strong>The Open and Closed Mind: Investigations into the Nature of Belief Systems and Personality Systems</strong>" social psychologist <strong>Milton Rokeach</strong> (1918-1988) studied the "<strong>Dogmatic Mentality</strong>": a relatively closed cognitive system of beliefs and non-beliefs organized around a core set of beliefs related to the dangerousness and threat of the world and a middle set of beliefs associated with absolute dominant power. When this structure crystallizes as a discourse, it widens, deepens, and solidifies, dissolving the "<strong>I</strong>" into "<strong>power</strong>" and negating "<strong>the other</strong>" as an independent, equal human entity, becoming, in communicative and media outcomes, material for manipulation and intimidation.</p>
2023-12-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 ALBAHITH ALALAMIhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/317The evolution of the press image in the Iraqi press (An analytical study of the pictures of the first page of Al-Sabah newspaper for the year)2023-12-17T05:52:32+00:00Saad Salman Abedullah
<p>This research sheds light on the development that has occurred on the use of press pictures in the Iraqi press by analyzing the form and content of the images used in (Al-Sabaah) newspaper for the 2012 model. The researcher's interest in this topic for what represented by the press picture of a way to highlight and attract the reader's attention to the substance journalist who represents the goals behind the newspaper publishing.</p> <p>This research is divided into three sections. The first one dealt with the methodological framework of the research, and the second part addressed the aspect of press pictures and its history and technological development, while the third section devoted to the study of the development of the form and content of the press is in the Iraqi press.</p> <p>The results of the search to confirm the following:</p> <ol> <li>Al-Sabah newspaper, through its transformation from the traditional mode to the electronic production mode, used modern techniques to produce the press picture to be suitable for publishing through electronic means in a very fast, flexible and accurate and using many of the software provided by the technological development in this production field.</li> <li>Al-Sabah newspaper was interested in highlighting advertising pictures in the first place, and second place came in the news function of the press picture by reviewing a group of important events regionally and internationally.</li> <li>During the research period, Al-Sabaah newspaper focused more on its use of press pictures in the local field than in the regional, Arab and international fields. Despite the use of this field, we see that the source of the local press picture was mostly from Reuters, followed by the French Press Agency.</li> <li>Al-Sabaah used its best available image to dominate the first page in size and position, at the top of the page on the left and on an area spanning two columns to more than four columns.</li> <li>Al-Sabaah newspaper has written the commentary on the picture in the present tense form to reinforce its status, and the explanation in the description was limited to the event shown in the press picture.</li> </ol>
2019-10-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2013 Aouthorhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/1137Rhetorical Unconsciousness, Productive Discursive Repression, and Political Psychoanalysis2024-03-28T22:56:59+00:00Michael Lane Bruner
<p>The history of rhetorical practice has been a history of intentional persuasion, but philosophers and psychologists for centuries have argued, and persuasively so, that much of human subjectivity, and thus much of human persuasion, has profound unconscious dimensions that lead to forms of personal and political pathology. To better understand the roots of these pathologies, which lead to madness, violence and war, this essay explores rhetorical unconsciousness in ways that go far beyond simple notions such as “subliminal advertising,” or the conscious manipulation of unconsciousness, to explain how our very languages and the vast majority of beliefs derived from them are normally unconscious. To accomplish this task, I first engage in a general discussion of rhetorical unconsciousness, then summarize a conceptual framework for identifying different aspects of the same (i.e., the unsayable, the unspoken, and the unspeakable), concluding with a brief discussion of how the analysis of unspeakable things can serve as the basis for a new form of political psychoanalysis.</p>
2024-03-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Michael Lane Brunerhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/1178Electronic Advertising on Social Media Platforms and Its Impact on Producer and Consumer Rights2024-03-28T22:56:58+00:00Mohammed Raffia Labid
<p>The research aims to identify the nature of electronic advertising, the extent of the audience's interaction with electronic advertisements, and the legal cover provided by the law to protect the producer and consumer, as well as to measure the extent of citizens' trust in this cover. The research targeted a random sample of potential audience members, and two electronic questionnaires were distributed to the research sample through several electronic commercial websites that display electronic advertisements on their official pages on social media platforms. The first questionnaire targeted producers or advertisers on social media platforms with a total of (100) respondents, while the second questionnaire was directed at consumers who were exposed to electronic advertisements, whether they interacted with them and were influenced by them or not, with a total of (200) respondents. The research reached several results, including: Nearly two-thirds of the producers did not engage in electronic advertising and promoting their products through social media platforms, with most of them not having considered it or having no prior idea about electronic advertising on social media platforms. A significant percentage of producers used Facebook to display their electronic advertisements and promote their products, while none of them used YouTube. Most producers preferred video advertisements and advertisements presented by celebrities. A significant percentage of the advertising producers exceeded the total sample, and these producers excluded the existence of fraudulent activities by companies or individuals promoting advertisements through various social media platforms, and they believed that there was no legal cover protecting the consumer in case of fraud after purchasing from social media platforms.</p>
2024-03-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammed Raffia Labidhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/2019-09-16Factors Affecting the Professional Performance of Editors of The News in Iraqi Satellite Channels - A research drawn from a Master Degree thesis2024-02-08T06:07:16+00:00Adel Abed ALrazaq AL-GhrairiMaher Muhmmad
<p>Information pollution is regarded as a big problem facing journalists working in the editing section, whereby journalistic materials face such pollution through their way across the editing pyramid. This research is an attempt to define the concept of journalistic information pollution, and what are the causes and sources of this pollution. The research applied the descriptive research method to achieve its objectives. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The findings indicate that journalists are aware of the existence of information pollution in journalism, and this pollution has its causes and resources.</p>
2019-09-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2019 outhorhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/939Interactivity of iraqi daily newspapers sites an analytical study of the websites of al-mada,al-zaman.al-sabahand tareqal-shaab newspapers2023-11-19T07:48:26+00:00Habeeb Khalaf Malah
<p>A study of interactivity in the Iraqi newspaper sites_ An analytical study of the website of Al-Mada, Al-Zaman, Al-Sabah and Tariq Al-Shaab newspaper sought to determine the amount of interactivity in the sites of Iraqi newspapers that have been published since 2003, which consists of (15) newspapers according to the statistics of the Iraqi Books and Documents House.</p> <p>and the researcher conducted an analytical survey on these sites, and the percentage of interactivity in general was weak, not more than (47.1%), and this weakness in interactivity contributed greatly to the decline in surfers of the websites of those electronic newspapers.</p> <p>The highest aggregate rate of the research sample was in the simple interactive tools such as commenting, polls, benefit and subscription lists, and admiration, as it got a total of (75%), while the multiplicity of interactive options, which is one of the most interactive options and the most important in the international electronic newspaper sites, got a percentage (48.53%), which is very weak compared to its importance.</p> <p>The results of the research found that the monitoring system in the sites of the sample newspapers does not exceed (56.25%), which is a medium percentage indicating the weakness of the Iraqi electronic newspapers' websites in benefiting from these systems. The search results also showed that the websites of the Iraqi electronic newspapers are linked to the social networking site by (50%) in general, and the highest was the Facebook page by (100%), then Twitter, YouTube, Instagram after they were used by the sample newspapers by (75%), and Telegram , radio station, and Plus Google (25%).</p>
2022-12-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2022 Authorhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/864Post-interactive communication A study to build a model for the flow of communication in social networking sites2023-05-05T09:40:59+00:00Marlen Auwash Harmaz
<p>The issue of the research lies in the non-representation of the models developed for the communication process in the interaction and networking processes through social media, as the research sought to build a network model of communication according to the specific data and features of social media platforms in order to reach a special generalization to understand how the process of networking operates in cyberspace.</p> <p>The researcher followed the analytical survey approach as she described the communication models outwardly in order to be able to build a networked communication model that represents the flow of post-reactive communication. Therefore, it has been named "Nebula - Sadeem" after the concept of post-space and cosmic galaxies in which is similar in meaning to the post-networked interaction that occurs in cyberspace.</p> <p>The research concluded to form a communication model of the intermediate level, and it is classified within circular models with infinite spiral shape, which is represented by the verification of the hypothesis, which states that communication via social networking combines the linear and interactive models, considering the sender's access to the network and contact with another person The communication is linear and when the interaction occurs with its publications, the communication becomes circular (interactive).</p> <p>As well as representing the process of symbolizing the meanings in a message that is being interacted with by individuals from different affiliations but share similar interests about the content provided at the original sending point. This interaction will lead to widening the connection in an infinite spiral circularly manner. The interaction of the users with the publication will move it from its original point to another point in the cyberspace. Subsequently, there will be a new process of interaction represented by a new spiral communication circuit that may be larger or smaller than the original circuit.</p>
2022-07-17T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2022 ALBAHITH ALALAMIhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/880The role of public relations in educating the Palestinian public about the issue of prisoners under the occupation An applied study on the employees of the Ministry of Detainees and Ex-Prisoners Affairs2023-11-14T05:27:15+00:00Wael AbdulRazaq Al-Manama
<p>The issue of Palestinian prisoners inside the prisons of the Israeli occupation is considered<br>a humanitarian issue par excellence، as it affects every Palestinian family as a<br>result of the absence of a husband، wife or son.<br>Almost no Palestinian house is vacant without one or more prisoners، and even women،<br>children and the elderly are not spared from these arrests.<br>The problem of the study was to identify the role of public relations in the Ministry<br>of Detainees and Ex-Prisoners Affairs in educating the Palestinian public about the<br>issue of prisoners، the nature of this role and the means used to bring support and<br>solidarity with this important and sensitive issue through the applied study on the<br>employees of the ministry.<br>This study falls within the descriptive research، as the researcher used the survey<br>method، and the practice methods survey was chosen through it.The ministry positively affects the public’s level of solidarity with the prisoners’ issue،<br>and most respondents agree to a large extent that public relations have a role in decision-<br>making in the ministry. Most of them agree that there are external factors that<br>affect the work of public relations and its services.<br>The researcher presented a set of recommendations، the most prominent of which<br>was that the Public Relations Department should be interested in communicating<br>with the internal and external audience of the ministry to draw up the department’s<br>policy and plan.</p>
2022-08-17T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2022 outhorhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/942Frames of Al-Alam TV channel’s handling of the Iraqi and Lebanese protests Analytical study of the main news bulletin for the period from October 1, 2019, to December 31, 20192023-11-12T07:20:44+00:00Muhammad Muhyi Abd al-Amir al-MusawiMohsen Glubb Al-Kinani
<p> In October 2019, Iraq and Lebanon witnessed widespread protests, which aroused the interest of the media, as they began with demands for the provision of services, then escalated with the overthrow of the political system. The researchers chose a satellite channel that represents a direction for a country accused of entering the line of protests. This paper aims to analyze the main bulletin of Al-Alam channel to find out how it deals with the protests in the news. It is classified descriptively, using the survey method and the method of content analysis. The study community was represented by the main news bulletin of Al-Alam channel. The researchers adopted a deliberate sample for the period from 1/10/2019 to 31/12/2019, as the bulletin intensified its coverage of the protests. The research reached a number of results, the most important of which are: framing the news about the protests within the framework of responsibility, and confirming that the demonstrators attacked property and security forces. </p>
2022-12-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2022 Authorhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/815News framing of the Israeli aggression on Gaza in 2021 on i24 Israeli channel.2023-11-12T07:15:53+00:00Ghassan Ibrahim Ahmad Harb
<p>The study aimed to identify the news framing on the Israeli Arabic-speaking i24 channel of the Israeli aggression on Gaza -2021 by analyzing the channel’s Program “this evening”. The study used the media survey method, and in its framework, it relied on the content analysis method for the program’s episodes from May 5, 2021 AD until June 4, 2021 AD, with 22 episodes. The study showed the program’s interest in launching the Palestinian resistance’s rockets significantly, followed by the Israeli military operations, and the program’s reliance on correspondents largely as a source of news material related to the aggression. It also proved that a news report and a reporter's report was the most important form of presenting news material, and that the Israeli personalities were the most prominent in covering the Israeli aggression. The study showed that the frameworks of the conflict ranked first in relation to the news frameworks used in covering the Israeli aggression on Gaza in 2021 AD and that the most used of them were the Israeli military operations, followed by the frameworks for ending the aggression, then the frameworks for responsibility, followed by the frameworks for humanitarian concerns, and finally the frameworks for the causes of aggression. The study also showed that selection was the most important framing mechanisms and tools that the program relied on in framing the issues of the Israeli aggression, followed by exclusion and omission, then displaying numbers and statistics.</p>
2022-03-06T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2021 outhorhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/842The Media Image of Afghan Women as Reflected by News Websites in 20212023-11-08T09:42:12+00:00Haneen Saad Salman
<p>International news websites, including Russia Today, pay special attention to the media image of Afghan women, especially after the Taliban movement took control of Afghanistan. Therefore, it was necessary to know the image of the Afghan woman, the fate of the rights she acquired in recent years, and the transformations that affected her after the Taliban took control of the government, and studied them on international news sites, specifically Russia Today.</p> <p> The researcher summarized the problem of this study in the following question: What is the media image of the Afghan woman on the Russia Today news site?</p> <p><em> </em>The researcher followed the survey method in order to reach the results, the most important of which were: The determinants of the media image of Afghan women lie in the journalistic treatment provided by the contact person on the Russia Today website in focusing on highlighting the international media and political perception of the situation of Afghan women and on raising international concerns about the future of Afghan women Under the rule of the Taliban, as it is threatened with exclusion from society, and the demand for its rights through the demands of states, international organizations and activists<em>.</em></p>
2022-06-04T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2021 authorhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/1105Modern Trends in Semiotic Research in the Media Field (2013-2022)2024-03-28T22:56:59+00:00Mohammed Mahmood Hameed
<p>To meet the scientific necessity, we conducted a study on the current situation of qualitative studies in the field of media applications, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of academic output in this field, as well as to analyze the theoretical and methodological strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, this research paper addressed the modern trends in media research, focusing on the use of the semiotic approach in both Arab and Western schools. To achieve this, we analyzed 151 studies, distributed between Arab and foreign studies, from 2013 to 2022. The study concluded that there is a difference in the application of analysis approaches between Arab and foreign schools in the field of media, and that most Arab school researches are limited to the use of a few approaches without focusing on developments in the application of the semiotic method. Conversely, Western schools attempted to benefit from the application of this method, expanding the areas of analysis. Based on this, we can conclude that there is a future need to develop qualitative studies in the field of media, especially in the Arab school, by expanding the range of approaches used and focusing on developments in the application of the semiotic method.</p>
2024-03-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammed Mahmood Hameedhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/845Agitation Negative Social Behaviours in the Talk Shows of the (NRT) Satellite Channel2023-10-16T09:13:05+00:00Wissam Fadel RadyIbrahim Saeed FathallahGia Yassin Mohamed Amin
<p>This research asks what are negative social behaviours in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) raised by the talk shows on the (NRT) channel? Furthermore, it aims to identify the most significant themes addressed by talk shows on the (NRT) channel regarding negative social behaviours in the KRI by using the content analysis approach through non-random purposive sampling to understand the dialogue contents that dealt with this subject. This study has reached a set of results: through its talk shows, the (NRT) channel attempts to create a media vision about the spread of negative social behaviours in the KRI and stand up to the dangers associated with these behaviours. At the same time, those programs tried to marginalize the behaviours that support the projects of political authority in society. This research came out with a set of recommendations, including establishing specialized committees comprised of academics and psychologists to supervise the preparation of topics for talk shows to maximize their effectiveness in raising awareness and developing the recipients' capabilities.</p>
2022-06-04T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2021 authorhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/325Approaches in media, role and mobilization2023-10-11T07:43:56+00:00Hamida Siemesm
<p>There is a natural problem raised by the issue of media performance. As a separate activity and express its own capabilities. This problem can be framed in the form of a question: Is media performance merely a reflection of the activity of other sectors of society, especially political and economic, and what links them to other societal sectors of interrelated relations? Is the media limited to mere transfer, or is it an industry with its own mechanisms and rules? The answer may seem somewhat complicated if we handle media with research and study in general, but the issue may be less complicated when it comes to Arab media, because its data may add another setback to the overall Arab setbacks.</p>
2005-03-01T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2005 Aouthorhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/388TV planning and ways to deal with space developments2023-10-11T07:43:53+00:00Muzaffar Mandup Al-Azawy
<p>The quote of a Canadian communication scientist (Marshall McLuhan) (“The world has become an electronic village”) has become an archaic information compared to the great and rapid development of communication in the last two decades of the 20th century and what will happen later in the 21st century, to the extent that the world is called, thanks to the internet, a “Small screen” and this fact is a sign of the great progress that has been made in this field. As for the other statement of the Canadian communication scientist mentioned before “the medium itself, is the message”, it has been renewed and developed in its meaning and it’s purpose. Each new technical development in the means of communication necessarily means a media development in the content of the message if it has been properly formulated and used. When the TV broadcast began to be colored, its programs have become more attractive to the audience and more popular to reach its goals. Especially when it is planned to fit the goals set out in the TV message.</p> <p>When satellite broadcast became to cover wider international areas from several different TV stations, planners began to rethink their previous plans of TV broadcasting to catch up with the fast growing development and the challenges, imposed by foreign satellite broadcasting, on national independent TV stations that consumes trending programs. There have been extensive changes in communication technology, especially in the field of audiovisual media during the 1980s and 1990s in Western Europe and the United States, which has led to the intensification of dialogue about the new roles of the media in the political, cultural and social spheres. Perhaps the most dangerous of these roles is what the media is doing in shaping certain patterns of human behavior and marginalizing other patterns through its languages and symbols. These new roles and their importance have been recognized by the governments in the industrialized North countries and can be carried out by the media to measure the efficiency of political and economic performance of contemporary systems.</p>
2005-03-01T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2005 outhurhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/389Media campaigns, evolution and concept2023-10-11T07:43:50+00:00 Hameed Jaeed
<p>In dealing with media management phenomenon, concept and elements, we have tried, as much as possible, to build an abstract concept that can be analyzed and measured by analyzing the elements and components of the concept mentioned and explain it.</p> <p>Before further consideration of the management of media campaigns, it is necessary to restore some points of media management so as not to understand the subject of campaign management as if it is independent of the concept of media management and the objectives that we seek to ensure its achievement. As we have noted that the concept of media management frames the administration mentioned as:</p> <p>- Authority to manage the media institution.</p> <p>- Operations supervised by the mentioned authority.</p> <p>- Aim to be achieved by the authority concerned.</p> <p>- The purpose of the authority (Media Department).</p> <p>- Means used by the authority (Media Department) to carry out its functions or jobs assigned to it. If we compare the nature of media management to the nature of media campaign management, perhaps we do not find any boundaries between the two, the second - the campaign management - is an extension of the first, if not a reflection of its contents.</p> <p>More precisely, one of the most important justifications for resorting to campaign management is because it is an extension of the logic, meaning and content of the media administration.</p> <p>It is one of the most important aspects of media management during crises facing media institutions and their operations for national, environmental, institutional, health or cultural reasons. In other words, if the purpose of media campaigns is to overcome and address the crises faced by the media organizations and their repeated operations, then the need arises in return for the necessity to double media effort.</p> <p>In other words, if the purpose of the media campaigns is to overcome and address the crises faced by the media institutions and their repeated operations, then the need arises in return for the necessity to redouble the media effort in order to disseminate information or develop national awareness on specific topics. As well as, the focus of media activities in order to overcome the hierarchical crises that appear from time to time. From here we can indicate the relationship between the two departments, especially if we know that the media administration loses some of its features when dealing with media campaigns. A non-expanded campaign is usually targeted, location and time-bound.</p>
2005-03-01T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2005 authorhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/390Trends of journalists and consumers about the phenomenon of food fraud2023-10-11T07:43:43+00:00 Mahdi Muhamad Al-BayaaLaith Selman Al-Rubaye Ali Husain Tawina
<p>Food comes after air and water in terms of importance in the survival of human beings, In addition, it is the support and strength of health and support, if lost or destroyed man would die or get sick and become a heavy burden on himself and his society. Food, like other sources of life, is subject to various risks and corruption comes from countless sources. Among these dangers is the result of spontaneousness, lack of knowledge or compulsion due to the interaction of variables beyond the will of the producer and the consumer, such as pollution of water, air and environment and their reflection on food consumed by people. However, we can’t deny that some reasons of corruption are intentional and resulting from a planning in advance in order to make an illegal profit at the expense of people's health and safety. The importance of provision of food these days has increased as the number of sources of fraud and manipulation of its components has increased, not to mention the variety of cheating and scamming methods that accompany it from the factory until it reaches the consumer. Increasing the population and increasing the need to feed millions of people in different countries of the land led to an increase in quantities of materials transferred, pre-processed and packed, which are prepared through complex manufacturing processes and go through multiple hands starting from the farm to shipping then factory and storage and finally supply in the wholesale and retail markets. There is no question that all those who follow the food chain have interests and goals that come primarily from profit. It is not surprising that many of them seek to maximise their personal benefit and avoid potential losses, even at the expense of consumers. Here comes the role of the important mediator in the transfer of knowledge and warning, which warns of dangers resulting from consumption of adulterated food and there is no doubt that various media are the main role of this mediator in contemporary society. A thorough understanding of consumer behavior will provide marketing managers with a better idea of how marketing activity works and help them develop a more efficient and capable marketing strategies. Predictability of consumers' behavior and purchasing motivations that reflect their desires and needs will help develop appropriate marketing policies. Future consumer behavior can provide information and insight into consumer decisions, allowing to identify the relationship between attitudes of consumers and journalists towards the phenomenon of cheating in food. We hope this research would provide an objective picture of these trends and study the relationship between perception and knowledge of journalists about the phenomenon under study and the impact on attitudes of consumers, also to indicate the success of press in raising awareness and guidance of the audience by analyzing the press coverage of this phenomenon during the research period. This research aims to reach an answer to a number of questions related to the trends of consumers and journalists about the phenomenon of the lack of food. These questions relate in fact to the basic components of trends, specifically the behavioral and cognitive aspects and related views. The Iraqi press in the field of combating the phenomenon of cheating in food stuffs, whether through identification of the mechanism of work or through the technology of this phenomenon in 2001.</p>
2005-03-01T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2005 authorhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/426WAR NEWS IN THE PRESS OF THE 1920 IRAQI REVOLT2023-10-11T07:43:37+00:00Hashem Hasan Al-tememy Hashem Hasan Al-tememy
<p>Before introducing an accurate description of the publication of news about the Iraqi-British war in the press of the Great Iraqi revolution, it is necessary to note the importance of this research as it examines a remarkable phenomenon that lies at the heart of public attention at this particular time, where we live the repercussions of a new war similar, with some of its facts and activities, to the events of the Great Iraqi Revolution that broke out in many Iraqi cities. Therefore, the results of this research can be a starting point for new research characterization of the phenomenon of news coverage of war in the Iraqi press.</p> <p>The importance of research in the press of the Great Iraqi Revolution, according to the well-known researcher Dr. Kamal Mazhar, is reflected in its occupation of a distinguished history that needs to be studied and analyzed, in a manner that would help to better understand important aspects of one of the most important workshops of national liberation of the Iraqi people, especially with regard to the role of intellectuals.</p> <p>The "Revolution" and "Independence" newspapers are among the finest of the "The Great Iraqi Revolution" and form one of the most important contents of the Iraqi press. In addition, the list of original sources is indispensable for any historian who tackles the events of the revolution. The research will attempt to provide specific answers to three questions:</p> <p> First: Which newspapers represented the Great Iraqi Revolution in Iraq?</p> <p> Second: What is the nature of war news in those newspapers?</p> <p> Third: Who were the people who carried out the news coverage of the war?</p> <p>We must also refer to the definition of war correspondent and the importance of media war, which has a privileged position because it stands at the same level, with the military, political and economic forces to achieve victory, and therefore the military media is one of the pillars of military mobilization at the internal and external levels. Internally, media war mobilizes public opinion, raises morale and emphasizes the importance of its role in the battle and then prepares people to accept the complications of war, by clarifying its objectives and its motives, and create an atmosphere conducive to stability, reassurance, responsibility. In addition to creating contentment and activity between individual and public willingness, as well as, set up a loyal relationship between citizens and the country. Also, providing logical and convincing explanation when clarifying events and facts at the external level by addressing all political power centers through technical means of communication.</p> <p>During war, the importance of the war correspondent appears in providing the daily press with news and pictures from the front lines, in addition to criticism of hostile military plans and comment on the news, victories and defeats of the enemy in various quarters (1).</p> <p>Some describe the war correspondent as a delegate sent to the battlefield on a special mission during the war, and this task only appears in the case of war. This system isn’t followed by most of the newspapers, radio, television and cinema sometimes but during war, when the military affairs are the most important concerns of public opinion.</p>
2005-03-01T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2005 authorhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/849Digital public relations and its role in prioritizing the masses: An analytical study of the United Nations website 2023-10-09T05:44:48+00:00Laith Abdullatif Al-asadySalim Jassem Al-azzawi
<p>This paper aims to identify how the United Nations works through its website in prioritizing audiences towards international issues، by identifying the digital PR mechanisms used in digital PR contents in prioritizing audiences towards the international issues they deal with. To achieve the objectives of this paper, the researcher used the survey method and content analysis tool with a view to identifying the ranking of international issues on the website of health، peace and security، humanitarian assistance، human rights، women، migrants، refugees and displaced persons، economic development، United Nations affairs، culture and education، environment and climate، sustainable development, and law and crime prevention. One of the most important findings the researcher reaches at is the attempt by the United Nations، through its communication contents to prioritize audiences towards international issues by highlighting important international issues of lesser concern. Thus, in order to prioritize audiences towards these issues، the United Nations has tried through digital video to prioritize audiences towards international issues which has important advantages of having the element of movement that the audience feels at the heart of the event; this brings to the fore important international issues of lesser concern. Thus, prioritizing the public towards these issues. </p>
2022-06-04T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2021 authorhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/694Trends in Media Discourse during International Crises2023-09-30T08:50:26+00:00Khudair Alyas NahedIrada Zaydan ALjubori
<p style="direction: ltr;">The research focuses on the withdrawal of the United States from the nuclear agreement signed between the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and the Islamic Republic of Iran concerning its nuclear program. This withdrawal has caused disruption in the official media discourse of the concerned countries. Therefore, the main question can be posed: Are there differences in the positions of countries related to the nuclear agreement, as well as those countries affected by it, before and after the official withdrawal of the United States on May 8, 2018?<br />The research aims to shed light on the trends in media discourse of the countries that signed the nuclear agreement and those affected by it before and after the U.S. withdrawal. It aims to uncover differences in official statements and their impact on exacerbating international crises. The researcher employed a survey method and content analysis tool to analyze official media discourses gathered from online news sources and reliable social media platforms.<br />The research yielded several results, including: The official media discourse was not consistent with the positions of countries regarding the U.S. withdrawal from the nuclear agreement. Most of the countries included in the study affirm Iran's commitment to the agreement but support additional economic and military sanctions against it.</p>
2023-09-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 ALBAHITH ALALAMIhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/728Political Use of the Photograph2023-09-30T08:50:22+00:00Ahmed Hameed MohammedBushra Jameel Al-rawi
<p style="direction: ltr;">The research aims to determine what a photograph intends to convey as a visual text. Photographs are not captured randomly, especially those of politicians. Each photograph carries a message, even if interpretations of that message vary from person to person. The research adopts a methodology based on semiotic analysis, applying Laurent Gervero's model to analyze a photograph of the Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi's visit to Fallujah on the anniversary of the victory over ISIS. The photographs in question constitute a visual language built upon a sequence of iconic symbols and signs. These elements coalesce to give rise to an image centered around a particular theme, one designed to convey a precise message to the intended audience. Additionally, they serve as a window into the photographer's ideology, as they make deliberate choices regarding which aspects of the event to capture through their camera lens.<br />The research yields several results, including: The ideas and meanings contained in the photograph, both in form and content, fall within the framework of political marketing for the personality of the Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi, highlighting him as a strong and sharp personality. The rhetoric of the photograph emphasizes unity, rejection of sectarianism and nationalism. The diversity and functional progression of Al-Kadhimi's career in journalism and historical documentation helped him gain experience in the art of appearance and influence on the recipient, in addition to his previous work in the sensitive field of intelligence.</p>
2023-09-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 ALBAHITH ALALAMIhttps://abaa.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/abaa/article/view/975The Role of Website Users in the Consumption of Notifications2023-09-30T08:50:19+00:00Semaa Sadoon AzizSihaam Hassn Ali Alshegeri
<p style="direction: ltr;">This research seeks to explore the impact of notifications on enhancing user engagement with websites, primarily through user subscriptions and their interaction with notifications on these websites. The significance of this study lies in its implications for crafting compelling headlines that capture users' attention, streamline their access to journalistic content, and align with the objectives and editorial policies of news websites. It sheds light on the factors influencing users' preferences for specific notifications and their engagement with content based on their individual interests, motivations, and the satisfaction derived from such interactions.<br />The researcher has reached several key findings, including the observation that the judicious use of notifications leads to increased website utilization, especially when the daily notification frequency remains constrained. Furthermore, summary notifications emerge as the most appealing notification type for users.</p>
2023-09-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 ALBAHITH ALALAMI