مصادر الأخبار ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ

-1 ﺩ. ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻏﺭﺍﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ ،ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺴـﺎﻨﻴﺔ ، ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ،ﻤﻁﺎﺒـﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ،١٩٧٧ ،ﺹ١٩.

-2 ﺩ.ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ ، ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ، ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل،١٩٧٧ ، ﺹ ٤٧.

-3 ﺩ. ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻭﻱ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ، ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺃﺴﺴﻪ ﻭ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ ، ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ، ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ،١٩٩٢ ،ﺹ٤١.

-4 ﺩ. ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ ، ﻓﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ ،ﺠﺩﺓ،ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ،١٩٨١ ، ﺹ١٧.

-5 ﺴﺘﻴﻔﻥ ﺃﻴﻨﺯ ﻻﺒﻴﺭ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ ، ﻟﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ ، ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺩ.ﺸﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﺎﺭﻉ ، ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﻴﺭ ، ١٩٩٩ ،ﺹ٥٠.

-6 ﺩ.ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﻡ ,ﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ, ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻭ ﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ,١٩٧٧, ﺹ ١٩٠.

-7 ﺩ. ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ ، ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ، ﺹ٨٥.

F.W Hodgson,Modren news paper , Second editon practice , N.P Henamann professional publishing , 1989 , page 9

-9 ﺠﻼل ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻤﺼﻲ ، ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺩﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ ، ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ، ١٩٦٣ ،ﺹ٩٦ .

-10 ﻫﻴﺭﺒﺭﺕ ﺴﺘﺭﻨﺯ ، ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺴل ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ ﻭﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻻﺨﺒﺎﺭ ، ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺴﻤﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺴﻴﻑ ، ﻁ٢، ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ، ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ،١٩٨٩ ،ﺹ١٢٥.

-11 ﺩ. ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﻡ ،ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ، ﺹ١٣٤ .

-12 ﺩ. ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ ، ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ، ﺹ ٨٥ .

-13 ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ، ﺹ٨٥ .

-14 ﺩ.ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻁﻴﻑ ﺤﻤﺯﺓ ، ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﻓﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ ، ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ، ﻁ٤ ،ﺒﻼ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ،ﺹ٩٩.

-15 ﺩ. ﺨﻠﻴل ﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ ، ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻓﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻡ ، ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ،ﺒﻼ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ، ﺹ ١٧١ .

-16 ﺩ. ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ ،ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ، ﺹ ١٧٠ .

-17 ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ، ﺹ ١٧٢ .

-18 ﻜﺎﺭل ﻭﺍﺭﻴﻥ ، ﻜﻴﻑ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺼﺤﻔﻴﺎﹰ ، ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺴﺭﺍﻴﺎ ، ﺒﻼ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ ،ﺒﻼ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ، ﺹ١٢ .

-19 ﺩﺍﻓﻴﺩ ﺒﻭﺘﺭ ، ﻤﺨﺒﺭﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻑ ، ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻏﻨﻴﻡ ، ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ،١٩٦٦ ، ﺹ١٢.

-20 ﺩ. ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ ، ﺍﻟﻔﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ، ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ، ١٩٦٤ ، ﺹ١٧٠ .

-21 ﺩ. ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ ،ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ، ﺹ ١٧٣ .

-22 ﺩ. ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﻡ ،ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ،ﺹ ٢٢٢.

-23 ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ، ﺹ٧٥ .

-24 ﺩ. ﺨﻠﻴل ﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ ، ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ، ﺹ١٨٢ .

-25 ﺩ. ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ ، ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ، ﺹ١٧٦ .

(*) ﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻤﻊ ﺩ. ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ (ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺒـﻐﺩﺍﺩ) ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘـﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺒـﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ١/٨/٢٠٠٦ .

ﺃﻭﻻﹰ : ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ

-1 ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ ، ﺩ.ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ، ﻓﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ ، ﺠﺩﺓ، ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ، ١٩٨١ .

-2 ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻤﺼﻲ ،ﺠﻼل ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ، ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺩﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ ، ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ،١٩٦٣ .

-3 ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﻡ ، ﺩ. ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ,ﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ , ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻭ ﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ,١٩٧٧ .

-4 ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻭﻱ ، ﺩ. ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ، ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ، ﺃﺴﺴﻪ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ ، ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻫﺭﺓ ، ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ، ١٩٩٢.

-5 ﺤﻤﺯﺓ ﺩ. ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻁﻴﻑ ، ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﻓﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ ، ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ، ﻁ٤ ، ﺒﻼ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ .

-6 ﻋﺒﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ ، ﺩ. ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ، ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ، ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل، ١٩٩٧.

-7 ﻏﺭﺍﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ ،ﺩ. ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ،ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ، ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ، ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ، ١٩٧٧ .

-8 ﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ ، ﺩ. ﺨﻠﻴل ، ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻓﻥ ، ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ، ﺒﻼ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ .

-9 ﻓﻬﻤﻲ ، ﺩ. ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ، ﺍﻟﻔﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ، ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ، ١٩٦٤.

ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ : ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ

-1 ﺍﻴﻨﺯ ﻻﺒﻴﺭ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ ، ﺴﺘﻴﻔﻥ ،ﻟﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ ، ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺩ. ﺸﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﺎﺭﻉ ، ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﻴﺭ ،١٩٩٩.

-2 ﺒﻭﺘﺭ ،ﺩﺍﻓﻴﺩ ، ﻤﺨﺒﺭﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻑ ، ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻏﻨﻴﻡ ، ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ، ١٩٦٦.

-3 ﺴﺘﺭﻨﺯ ،ﻫﻴﺭﺒﺭﺕ ، ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺴل ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ ﻭﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻻﺨﺒﺎﺭ ، ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺴﻤﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺴـﻴﻑ ، ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ ، ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺸـﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ،١٩٨٩ .

-4 ﻭﺍﺭﻴﻥ ،ﻜﺎﺭل ، ﻜﻴﻑ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺼﺤﻔﻴﺎﹰ ،ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺴﺭﺍﻴﺎ ، ﺒﻼ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ ،ﺒﻼ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ .

ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ : ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻻﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ

ﺭﺍﺒﻌﺎﹰ : ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ

ﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺃﺠﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ (ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺒـﻐﺩﺍﺩ) ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺘﺄﺭﻴﺦ ١/٨/٢٠٠٦.

-1D. Fawzi Gharaibeh and others, Methods of Scientific Research in Social and Human Sciences, Amman, Royal Society Press, 1977, p. 19.

- Dr. Muhammad Obaidat and others, Methodology of Scientific Research, Amman, Dar Wael, 1977, p. 47.

-3 d. Muhammad Al-Sawy Muhammad Mubarrak, Scientific Research Founded and Written Method, Cairo, Academic Library, 1992, p. 41.

-d. Faruq Abu Zaid, The Art of Journalism, Jeddah, Science Library, 1981, p. 17.

- Stephen Ains Lapier et al., The Media Game, translated by Dr. Shehda Farea, Amman, Dar Al-Bashir, 1999, p. 50.

- Dr. Abdel-Aziz Al-Ghannam, Introduction to the World of Press, The Anglo Egyptian Library, 1977, p. 190.

-d. Faruq Abu Zayd, op. Cit., P. 85.

F.W Hodgson, Modren news paper, Second editon practice, N.P Henamann professional publishing, 1989, page 9

- Jalal Al-Din Al-Homsi, Press Representative, Cairo, Dar Al-Maaref, 1963, p. 96.

- Herbert Stearns, Correspondent and News Source, translation by Samira Abu Saif, T2, Cairo, The International Publishing and Distribution House, 1989, p. 125.

-d. Abdul-Aziz Al-Ghannam, previous source, p. 134.

-12 d. Faruq Abu Zayd, op. Cit., P. 85.

- The same source, p. 85.

- Dr. Abd al-Latif Hamza, an editor in the art of journalistic editing, Cairo, Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi, p. 4, without date, p. 99.

-15 d. Khalil Sabat, Al-Sahafa Message, Preparation, Art and Science, Cairo, Dar Al-Maaref, No History, p. 171.

-d. Faruq Abu Zayd, op. Cit., P. 170.

The same source, p. 172.

- Karl Warren, How to Become a Journalist, Abdul Hamid Saraya translation, No Publishing House, No History, p. 12.

- David Potter, newspaper informants, translation of Mohamed Mostafa Ghanem, Cairo, Dar Al Fikr Al Arabi, 1966, p. 12.

-20 d. Mahmoud Fahmy, Press Art in the World, Cairo, Dar al-Maaref, 1964, p. 170.

-21 d. Faruq Abu Zayd, previous source, p. 173.

-d. Abdul-Aziz Al-Ghannam, Previous Source, p. 222.

Ibid, p. 75.

-24 d. Khalil Sabat, previous source, p. 182.

-25 d. Faruq Abu Zayd, op. Cit., P. 176.

(*) Interview conducted by the researcher with Dr. Ahmed Abdul-Majid Editor-in-chief of Al-Zaman newspaper (Baghdad edition) at Al-Jarida headquarters in Baghdad on 1/8/2006.

Sources

First: Arabic books

- Abu Zaid, Dr. Farouk, The Art of Journalism, Jeddah, Science Library, 1981.

- Al-Homsi, Jalal Al-Din, Press Delegate, Cairo, Dar Al-Maaref, 1963.

- Al-Ghannam, d. Abdel-Aziz, Introduction to the World of Journalism, Anglo-Egyptian Library, 1977.

- Al-Sawy, d. Muhammad Mubarak, Scientific Research, Its Basis and Method of Writing, Al-Fahira, Academic Library, 1992.

- Hamza d. Abdul-Latif, entry to the art of journalistic editing, Cairo, Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi, p4, without date.

- Obaidat and others, d. Muhammad, Methodology of Scientific Research, Amman, Dar Wael, 1997.

- Exotic and others, d. Fawzi, Scientific Research Methods in Social and Human Sciences, Amman, Royal Society Press, 1977.

- Girls, d. Khalil, Al-Sahafa, Letter, Preparedness and Art, Cairo, Dar Al-Maaref, No History.

- My understanding, d. Mahmoud, The World's Press Art, Cairo, Dar Al-Maaref, 1964.

Second: translated books

- Enns Lapper et al., Stephen, the media game, translated by Dr. Shehada Farea, Amman, Dar Al-Bashir, 1999.

- Potter, David, Journalists, Translated by Muhammad Mustafa Ghanim, Cairo, Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi, 1966.

- Stearns, Herbert, reporter and news sources, translation by Samira Abu Seif, Cairo, International House for Publishing and Distribution, 1989.

- Warren, Carl, how to become a journalist, Abdul-Hamid Saraya translation, no publishing house, no date.

Third: Foreign books

F.W Hodgson, Modren news paper, Second editon practice, N.P Henamann professional publishing, 1989.

Fourth: Personal interviews

Personal interview conducted by the researcher with Dr. Ahmed Abdel-Majid, chief editor of the newspaper Al-Zaman (Baghdad edition) at Al-Jarida headquarters in Baghdad on 1/8/2006.