THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEWS TICKERS IN THE ARABIC CHANNELS
(Al Arabiya TV - study of the case - 2007)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33282/abaa.v1i4.478Keywords:
News, Tickers, Al Arabiya Tv, channels, ArabicAbstract
While providing important news information, News tickers ( also called sliders or crawlers ) have become one of the methods used daily by satellite channels, because it’s almost a continuous news coverage and as it seems, it has become today an addition to the news world. Hence, satellite channels need to look for a mechanism to build news tickers in order to develop them even though they are still today not recognisable and in need of being classified in a radio or television art, and that is not easy. This research sheds light on the construction of the slider of a news satellite channel, which is important according to our modest convictions, as it can be the beginning of a long scientific research in a new field of study. The problem of our research resides in the feelings of the researchers as they find weakness and ambiguity in the construction of Al Arabiya TV’s slides, in order to show how this can take effect, we need to answer the following problematics:
1- How readable are Al Arabiya TV’s sliders ?
2- Are Al Arabiya TV’s sliders interesting ? and is this interest in accordance with the standards adopted for a good journalistic writing ?
The research aims at:
1- identifying the reasons behind the weakness of Al Arabiya TV’s sliders.
2- Determining the ambiguity of Al arabiya TV’s sliders according to the adopted readability standards.
References
(*) ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ: ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﺨﺒﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺒﺜﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ٢/٢/٢٠٠٣ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺒﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻨﻘل ﻤﻘﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻟﻨﺩﻥ ﻭﺘﻐﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﺸـﺭﻕ ﺍﻻﻭﺴـﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ، ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﻤﻠﻭﻜﺔ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﺎ ﻟﻤﻜﺭﺯ ﺘﻠﻔﺯﻴﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻻﻭﺴﻁ. ﻴﻨﻅﺭ: ﻓﺩﻭﻯ ﺍﺒـﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ، ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺒـﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﻘﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺨﺒﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻁﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ، ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ، ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ، ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ، ﺹ ١٧٣.
(1) ﻴﻘﻭل ﻫﻭﻟﺴﺘﻲ:"ﺍﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺭﻜﺯﺕ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺴـﺘﻬﺩﻓﺕ ﻗـﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﺜﺭ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻭﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ، ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻀﻤﻨﺕ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﺜل ﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ، ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ، ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ، ﻭﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ، ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻬﺎ، ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻤﻀﺔ. ﻨﻘﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺩ. ﺴﻤﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ، ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺒﺤـﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ ، ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ، ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ،
١٩٩٩، ﺹ٢٥٠.
(**) ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺸﺭﺡ ﻤﻔﺼل ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻻﺤﻘﺎﹰ
(2) ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ: ﺩ.ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺩ: ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ، ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴـﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ، ﻋﺩﺩ ٤٥٣، ﺒـﻐﺩﺍﺩ، ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ٢٠٠١،ﺹ١٨.
(3) ﻜﺎﻤل ﺤﺴﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘـﻴﻡ: ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﻜﺘﺎﺒـﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺴـﺎﻨﻴﺔ، ﺒـﻐﺩﺍﺩ، ﺍﺴـﻤﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺎﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ،٢٠٠٦، ﺹ٣-٩.
(4),oxford,student dictionary: oxFord studeents distionary second edition oxford university press 1990,p631.
(5) ﺩ.ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺨﺯﻋل، ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺭﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺒﺎﻴل ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ٢٨/١١/٢٠٠٧، ٢١ﻭ٧ ﻤﺴﺎﺀ
(***) ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻡ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ: ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻴﺔ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﺨﺭﻯ ﻜﺎﻻﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﺴﻁﺭﺍ - ﺒﺴﻁﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺹ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﺕ ﺒﻨﻔﺴـﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ، ﺒﻨﻅﺭ، ﺩ.ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺩ: ﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺯﻴﻭﻥ، ﺒﻼ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ، ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ، ١٩٨٩، ﺹ١٣٥.
(6) ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ
(7) ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ
(8) ﺩ.ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻲ:ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭﻱ، ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ، ﺒـﻐﺩﺍﺩ، ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ، ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋﻴﺔ، ﻋﺩﺩ (١٢)، ١٩٧٧، ﺹ١٢.
(9) ﺃ. ﺩ. ﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺩﻱ: ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺸﻴﺩﺓ، ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺘﻭﺍﺼل، ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ، ﻋﺩﺩ ٧ ، ﺍﺏ، ٢٠٠٦، ﺹ٥.
(10) ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ.
(****) ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺸﻴﺩﺓ، ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺎﻻﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﻤﺜل ﻟﻼﻭﻟﻰ ﺜﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻌﻤﻕ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺭﻭﺀﺓ
(*****) ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﺭﺩﻱ: ﻭﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻼﺭﺘﺩﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻗـﻔﺎﺕ ﻻﻟﺘﻘـﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩ ﻓﺎﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻘـل ﺘﻭﻗﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺭﺘﺩ ﻨﻅﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﻨﺘﻘل ﻤﻥ ﻤﻘﻁﻊ (ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ) ﻻﺨﺭ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻻﻭل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﺘﻘـل ﻤﻥ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻻﺨﺭﻯ
(11) ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ، ﺹ٦.
(12) ﺩ.ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺩ: ﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺯﻴﻭﻥ، ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ، ﺹ١٣٧.
(13) ﺩ. ﺍﺩﻴﺏ ﺨﻀﻭﺭ: ﺍﺯﻤﺔ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ... ﺍﻡ ﺍﺯﻤﺔ ﺍﻨﻅﻤﺔ، ﺩﻤﺸﻕ، ﺒﻼ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ، ٢٠٠٣، ﺹ١٣٤-١٣٦.
(14) ﺩ.ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻨﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻴﻡ: ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل. ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﺴﻠﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ، ٢٠٠٦، ﺹ١١٦.
(15) ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ، ﺹ١١٧.
(******) ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺯﻻﺯل ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺭﻤﺘﺭ، ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻨﻜﻲ، ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺒﻌﺔ، ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ، ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻗﺭﺍﻁ... ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ.
(16) ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ، ﺹ١١٧-١١٨.
(17) ﺩ. ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل ﻭﺩ.ﻤﺤـﻤﺩ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﻫﻴﺒـﺔ: ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ، ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ، ١٩٩٩، ﺹ٢٤٥.
(18) ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ، ﺹ٢٥٥.
(19) ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ، ﺹ٢٥٥-٢٦٤.
(20) ﺩ. ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل ﻭﺯﻤﻴﻠﻪ: ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ، ﺹ٢٦٠.
(21) ﻜﻭﺭﺘﻴﺱ ﻤﺎﻜﺩﻭﻏﺎل: ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﺨﺒﺎﺭ، ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺩ.ﺍﺩﻴﺏ ﺨﻀﻭﺭ، ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ، ﺩﻤﺸﻕ، ٢٠٠٠، ﺹ١٢٩.
(22) ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ، ﺹ١٣٠.
(23) ﺩ.ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل ﻭﺯﻤﻴﻠﻪ، ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ، ﺹ٢٦١.
(24) ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻤﺂﺨﻭﺫ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻭﺭﺘﻴﺱ ﻤﺎﻜﺩﻭﻏﺎل، ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ، ﺹ١٣٢. ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺸﺎﺭ ﻓﻠﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻨﻪ ﺘﻡ ﻓﺤـﺼﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻨﻘﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤـﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﻼﺕ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ، ﺹ١٢٩.
(25) ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﻋﻼﻭﻱ: ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻻﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻻﺨﺒﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ^ åå ﺍﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺏ، ﻗﺴﻡ ﻻﻋﻼﻡ، ﻋﺎﻡ ٢٠٠٠، ﺹ٦٩.
(26) ﺩ.ﻤﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍل ﺤﺴﺎﻥ: ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ، ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ، ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺯﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ، ٢٠٠٠، ﺹ٨٠.
(27) ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺩ ،ﻡ.ﺱ.ﺫ.ﺹ٦٩.
(*) Al-Arabiya: A specialized news channel that started broadcasting on 2/2/2003 in Dubai, after moving its headquarters from London and covering the Middle East and the Pacific, which is partly owned by the TV Center. Denver: Fadwa Ibrahim, Baghdad audience exposed to Arabic-language news channels, unpublished Master’s message, faculty of information, University of Baghdad, p. 173.
(1) Holsta says: "In the field of media most focused research content analysis aimed at measuring the impact of the media on the study of correlation between the content of the characteristics and easily understood, the characteristics included the content of several parameters, such as the diversity of words, difficult and long words, specific, and sentence length , Its type, personal pronouns and vague phrases. Quoted by Dr. Samir Mohamed Hussein, studies in scientific research curricula in media research, Cairo, p. Book pain,
1999, p. 250.
(**) A detailed explanation will follow
(2) See in this issue: Dr. Ismat Abd Al-Majeed: Introduction to Scientific Research, The Small Encyclopedia, No. 453, Baghdad, Ministry of Culture, Dar Al-Shaun Cultural Affairs 2001, p. 18.
(3) Kamel Hassoun Al-Qayyim: Methods of Writing Research Methods in Humanitarian Studies, Baghdad, Asmaa for Design and Printing, 2006, pp. 9-3.
(4), oxford, student dictionary: oxFord studeents distionary second edition oxford university press 1990, p631.
(5) Dr. Al-Nabi Khazal, message sent to the researcher via mobile phone on 11/27/2007, 21 and 7 pm
(***) pen mail: used to increase the information with which to write any further details Kalarkam or short-line words - line in parallel with the text that speaks about the bulletin reader and the viewer can read his own details with the follow-up program, eyes, D.laly Akkad: Entrance To TV, and was published, Damascus Press, 1989, p. 135.
(6) The previous source
(7) Same as previous source
(8) Dr. Abdul-Jabbar Wali: Basic Practical Concepts Linguistic and Photographic Communication, within Al-Mina 'Printing Press, Baghdad, Ministry of Culture and Information, Radio Arts, No. (12), 1977, p.
(9) Dr. Salim Al-Wardi: Good Reading, Communication Magazine, Media and Communications Authority, No. 7, August 2006, p. 5.
(10) Ibid.
(****) There are two concepts of fast reading and rational reading, the first is related to the use of the first for the optical stabilization, while the second is related to the depth of the reading comprehension
(*****) Al-Qari Al-Rudi: A certain movement of bounces is exposed due to interruptions in order to capture information. As for the good, the ones whose times are less and whose views are not returned to the words are transferred from the income of the city.
(11) Ibid., P. 6.
(12) Dr. Laili Al-Akkad: An Introduction to Television, a source previously mentioned, p. 137.
(13) Dr. Adeeb Khadour: Media Crisis ... Organization Crisis, Damascus, without the name Dar Publishing, 2003, pp. 136-143.
(14) Dr. Muhammad Nader Abd Al-Hakim: The language of media discourse in light of the communication theory. Linguistic stylistic study in radio news broadcasts, Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 2006, p. 116.
(15) Ibid., P. 117.
(******) It refers to some terms related to earthquakes and financial markets, political concepts such as a meter scale, a nicki index, a group of four, a seven-axle, the government of Techno ...
(16) Ibid., Pp. 118-117.
(17) Dr. Mahmoud Khalil and Dr. Mohamed Mansour Heiba: Media Production in Media Texts, Cairo, University of Cairo Center, 1999, p. 245.
(18) Ibid., P. 255.
(19) For details on the same previous source, pp. 264-2555.
(20) Dr. Mahmoud Khalil and his colleague: Source previously mentioned, p. 260.
(21) Curtis McDougall: The Principles of Editing News, translated by Dr. Adeeb Khadour, Fifth Edition, Damascus, 2000, p. 129.
(22) Ibid., P. 130.
(23) Dr. Mahmoud Khalil and his colleague, a source previously mentioned, p. 261.
(24) Table taken from Cortes McDougall, op. Cit., P. 132. Felic indicated that any equation was examined in the light of numerous studies related to newspaper and magazine readability, as well as in light of the studies carried out by the SMC audience.
(25) Talib Abdul Majeed Alawi: Trends and methods of news and news programs in the Arab News Network ^ åå, a doctoral thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts, Department of Information, year 2000, p. 69.
(26) Dr. Mohsen Al-Sheikh Al-Hassan: Space and Modern Communications, Riyadh, Al-Farazdaq Commercial, 2000, p. 80.
(27) Talib Abdul-Majid, MSc, p. 69.
(1) ﻴﻘﻭل ﻫﻭﻟﺴﺘﻲ:"ﺍﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺭﻜﺯﺕ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺴـﺘﻬﺩﻓﺕ ﻗـﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﺜﺭ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻭﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ، ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻀﻤﻨﺕ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﺜل ﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ، ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ، ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ، ﻭﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ، ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻬﺎ، ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻤﻀﺔ. ﻨﻘﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺩ. ﺴﻤﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ، ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺒﺤـﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ ، ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ، ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ،
١٩٩٩، ﺹ٢٥٠.
(**) ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺸﺭﺡ ﻤﻔﺼل ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻻﺤﻘﺎﹰ
(2) ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ: ﺩ.ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺩ: ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ، ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴـﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ، ﻋﺩﺩ ٤٥٣، ﺒـﻐﺩﺍﺩ، ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ٢٠٠١،ﺹ١٨.
(3) ﻜﺎﻤل ﺤﺴﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘـﻴﻡ: ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﻜﺘﺎﺒـﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺴـﺎﻨﻴﺔ، ﺒـﻐﺩﺍﺩ، ﺍﺴـﻤﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺎﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ،٢٠٠٦، ﺹ٣-٩.
(4),oxford,student dictionary: oxFord studeents distionary second edition oxford university press 1990,p631.
(5) ﺩ.ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺨﺯﻋل، ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺭﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺒﺎﻴل ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ٢٨/١١/٢٠٠٧، ٢١ﻭ٧ ﻤﺴﺎﺀ
(***) ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻡ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ: ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻴﺔ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﺨﺭﻯ ﻜﺎﻻﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﺴﻁﺭﺍ - ﺒﺴﻁﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺹ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﺕ ﺒﻨﻔﺴـﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ، ﺒﻨﻅﺭ، ﺩ.ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺩ: ﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺯﻴﻭﻥ، ﺒﻼ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ، ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ، ١٩٨٩، ﺹ١٣٥.
(6) ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ
(7) ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ
(8) ﺩ.ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻲ:ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭﻱ، ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ، ﺒـﻐﺩﺍﺩ، ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ، ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋﻴﺔ، ﻋﺩﺩ (١٢)، ١٩٧٧، ﺹ١٢.
(9) ﺃ. ﺩ. ﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺩﻱ: ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺸﻴﺩﺓ، ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺘﻭﺍﺼل، ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ، ﻋﺩﺩ ٧ ، ﺍﺏ، ٢٠٠٦، ﺹ٥.
(10) ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ.
(****) ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺸﻴﺩﺓ، ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺎﻻﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﻤﺜل ﻟﻼﻭﻟﻰ ﺜﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻌﻤﻕ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺭﻭﺀﺓ
(*****) ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﺭﺩﻱ: ﻭﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻼﺭﺘﺩﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻗـﻔﺎﺕ ﻻﻟﺘﻘـﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩ ﻓﺎﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻘـل ﺘﻭﻗﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺭﺘﺩ ﻨﻅﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﻨﺘﻘل ﻤﻥ ﻤﻘﻁﻊ (ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ) ﻻﺨﺭ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻻﻭل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﺘﻘـل ﻤﻥ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻻﺨﺭﻯ
(11) ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ، ﺹ٦.
(12) ﺩ.ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺩ: ﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺯﻴﻭﻥ، ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ، ﺹ١٣٧.
(13) ﺩ. ﺍﺩﻴﺏ ﺨﻀﻭﺭ: ﺍﺯﻤﺔ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ... ﺍﻡ ﺍﺯﻤﺔ ﺍﻨﻅﻤﺔ، ﺩﻤﺸﻕ، ﺒﻼ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ، ٢٠٠٣، ﺹ١٣٤-١٣٦.
(14) ﺩ.ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻨﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻴﻡ: ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل. ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﺴﻠﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ، ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ، ٢٠٠٦، ﺹ١١٦.
(15) ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ، ﺹ١١٧.
(******) ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺯﻻﺯل ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺭﻤﺘﺭ، ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻨﻜﻲ، ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺒﻌﺔ، ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ، ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻗﺭﺍﻁ... ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ.
(16) ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ، ﺹ١١٧-١١٨.
(17) ﺩ. ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل ﻭﺩ.ﻤﺤـﻤﺩ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﻫﻴﺒـﺔ: ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ، ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ، ١٩٩٩، ﺹ٢٤٥.
(18) ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ، ﺹ٢٥٥.
(19) ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ، ﺹ٢٥٥-٢٦٤.
(20) ﺩ. ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل ﻭﺯﻤﻴﻠﻪ: ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ، ﺹ٢٦٠.
(21) ﻜﻭﺭﺘﻴﺱ ﻤﺎﻜﺩﻭﻏﺎل: ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﺨﺒﺎﺭ، ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺩ.ﺍﺩﻴﺏ ﺨﻀﻭﺭ، ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ، ﺩﻤﺸﻕ، ٢٠٠٠، ﺹ١٢٩.
(22) ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ، ﺹ١٣٠.
(23) ﺩ.ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل ﻭﺯﻤﻴﻠﻪ، ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ، ﺹ٢٦١.
(24) ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻤﺂﺨﻭﺫ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻭﺭﺘﻴﺱ ﻤﺎﻜﺩﻭﻏﺎل، ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ، ﺹ١٣٢. ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺸﺎﺭ ﻓﻠﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻨﻪ ﺘﻡ ﻓﺤـﺼﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻨﻘﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤـﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﻼﺕ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺫﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ، ﺹ١٢٩.
(25) ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﻋﻼﻭﻱ: ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻻﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻻﺨﺒﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ^ åå ﺍﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺏ، ﻗﺴﻡ ﻻﻋﻼﻡ، ﻋﺎﻡ ٢٠٠٠، ﺹ٦٩.
(26) ﺩ.ﻤﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍل ﺤﺴﺎﻥ: ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ، ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ، ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺯﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ، ٢٠٠٠، ﺹ٨٠.
(27) ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺩ ،ﻡ.ﺱ.ﺫ.ﺹ٦٩.
(*) Al-Arabiya: A specialized news channel that started broadcasting on 2/2/2003 in Dubai, after moving its headquarters from London and covering the Middle East and the Pacific, which is partly owned by the TV Center. Denver: Fadwa Ibrahim, Baghdad audience exposed to Arabic-language news channels, unpublished Master’s message, faculty of information, University of Baghdad, p. 173.
(1) Holsta says: "In the field of media most focused research content analysis aimed at measuring the impact of the media on the study of correlation between the content of the characteristics and easily understood, the characteristics included the content of several parameters, such as the diversity of words, difficult and long words, specific, and sentence length , Its type, personal pronouns and vague phrases. Quoted by Dr. Samir Mohamed Hussein, studies in scientific research curricula in media research, Cairo, p. Book pain,
1999, p. 250.
(**) A detailed explanation will follow
(2) See in this issue: Dr. Ismat Abd Al-Majeed: Introduction to Scientific Research, The Small Encyclopedia, No. 453, Baghdad, Ministry of Culture, Dar Al-Shaun Cultural Affairs 2001, p. 18.
(3) Kamel Hassoun Al-Qayyim: Methods of Writing Research Methods in Humanitarian Studies, Baghdad, Asmaa for Design and Printing, 2006, pp. 9-3.
(4), oxford, student dictionary: oxFord studeents distionary second edition oxford university press 1990, p631.
(5) Dr. Al-Nabi Khazal, message sent to the researcher via mobile phone on 11/27/2007, 21 and 7 pm
(***) pen mail: used to increase the information with which to write any further details Kalarkam or short-line words - line in parallel with the text that speaks about the bulletin reader and the viewer can read his own details with the follow-up program, eyes, D.laly Akkad: Entrance To TV, and was published, Damascus Press, 1989, p. 135.
(6) The previous source
(7) Same as previous source
(8) Dr. Abdul-Jabbar Wali: Basic Practical Concepts Linguistic and Photographic Communication, within Al-Mina 'Printing Press, Baghdad, Ministry of Culture and Information, Radio Arts, No. (12), 1977, p.
(9) Dr. Salim Al-Wardi: Good Reading, Communication Magazine, Media and Communications Authority, No. 7, August 2006, p. 5.
(10) Ibid.
(****) There are two concepts of fast reading and rational reading, the first is related to the use of the first for the optical stabilization, while the second is related to the depth of the reading comprehension
(*****) Al-Qari Al-Rudi: A certain movement of bounces is exposed due to interruptions in order to capture information. As for the good, the ones whose times are less and whose views are not returned to the words are transferred from the income of the city.
(11) Ibid., P. 6.
(12) Dr. Laili Al-Akkad: An Introduction to Television, a source previously mentioned, p. 137.
(13) Dr. Adeeb Khadour: Media Crisis ... Organization Crisis, Damascus, without the name Dar Publishing, 2003, pp. 136-143.
(14) Dr. Muhammad Nader Abd Al-Hakim: The language of media discourse in light of the communication theory. Linguistic stylistic study in radio news broadcasts, Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 2006, p. 116.
(15) Ibid., P. 117.
(******) It refers to some terms related to earthquakes and financial markets, political concepts such as a meter scale, a nicki index, a group of four, a seven-axle, the government of Techno ...
(16) Ibid., Pp. 118-117.
(17) Dr. Mahmoud Khalil and Dr. Mohamed Mansour Heiba: Media Production in Media Texts, Cairo, University of Cairo Center, 1999, p. 245.
(18) Ibid., P. 255.
(19) For details on the same previous source, pp. 264-2555.
(20) Dr. Mahmoud Khalil and his colleague: Source previously mentioned, p. 260.
(21) Curtis McDougall: The Principles of Editing News, translated by Dr. Adeeb Khadour, Fifth Edition, Damascus, 2000, p. 129.
(22) Ibid., P. 130.
(23) Dr. Mahmoud Khalil and his colleague, a source previously mentioned, p. 261.
(24) Table taken from Cortes McDougall, op. Cit., P. 132. Felic indicated that any equation was examined in the light of numerous studies related to newspaper and magazine readability, as well as in light of the studies carried out by the SMC audience.
(25) Talib Abdul Majeed Alawi: Trends and methods of news and news programs in the Arab News Network ^ åå, a doctoral thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts, Department of Information, year 2000, p. 69.
(26) Dr. Mohsen Al-Sheikh Al-Hassan: Space and Modern Communications, Riyadh, Al-Farazdaq Commercial, 2000, p. 80.
(27) Talib Abdul-Majid, MSc, p. 69.
Downloads
Published
2008-03-01
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2008 author
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows sharing the work with recognition of authorship and initial publication in ABBA journal.
How to Cite
Jasem, . R. . (2008). THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEWS TICKERS IN THE ARABIC CHANNELS: (Al Arabiya TV - study of the case - 2007). ALBAHITH ALALAMI, 1(4), 111-125. https://doi.org/10.33282/abaa.v1i4.478
